Global Warming Summary Sheet

Facts

1. There is a natural atmospheric greenhouse effect on Earth which keeps the average surface temperature about 59˚ F warmer than if there were no atmosphere.

2. The atmospheric concentrations of several greenhouse gases are increasing due to human activities. Alarmingly, the rate of increase (i.e., how fast the greenhouse gases are accumulating in the atmosphere) is increasing.

3. There has been a measurable increase in global average surface temperature of about 0.8° C (1.4° F) since 1860. This is NOT proof that all of the recent warming has been caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases.

4. The climate of Earth has changed all through its history irregardless of human activity

Solid Inferences

1. We expect that adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere will result in warming the global average temperature by enhancing the natural atmospheric greenhouse effect. However, the details of how much warming and the pattern of related climate changes are uncertain.

2. Current levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere are higher now than at any time over the past several hundred thousand years.

3. There is evidence in the climate record showing that rather large climate shifts have occurred over relatively short periods of time (within decades).

Questions / Uncertainties

1. Complete knowledge of the chemical cycles of greenhouse gases (sources/sinks) is lacking. This makes it difficult to predict current and future atmospheric concentrations of these gases. An example is the missing CO₂ problem.

2. Models used to predict global warming are uncertain

n Some feedbacks within the climate system are not well understood or properly taken into account within the models

n Regional changes in climate are quite uncertain even though the global average warming is more certain

3. Impact Studies

n The magnitude of regional climate change and the rate at which it occurs must be compared with the sensitivity and adaptability of human populations and ecosystems. Sensitivity and adaptability are uncertain even if future regional climate changes were known.

4. Implication of recent warming of global average temperature

n Has there already been some global warming due to increased greenhouse gases or is the recent warming part of a natural cycle of climate? We may not be able to definitively answer this question for some time, although it is getting hard to deny that at least some, if not most, of the recent warming has been caused by the increase in greenhouse gases.

5. Surprises

n Humans are artificially perturbing climate by adding greenhouse gases. So far changes (if they have occurred) have been small. Is there a danger that the stable climate we now enjoy can shift unpredictably to another state if we somehow push the climate system too far from its pre-industrial state? Will it then be too late to go back? Remember even if we were to stop adding greenhouse gases to the atmosphere today, the Earth’s climate system will not reach an equilibrium state for quite some time, thus climate changes will continue.

n Assuming that we are measuring global warming already, will temperatures continue to rise slowly or will temperatures start to increase more rapidly at some point?