The approximate location of the summit of Mauna Loa is indicated with the lower left circle in the figure above (the "big island" of Hawaii). The top circle is Mauna Kea and the lower right circle shows Kilauea, the volcano that was in the news last year. (source of this image) |
|
This figure is from Climate Change 2007, IPCC 4th Assessment Report. | Source of this figure: Bullister,
J.L. 2015. Atmospheric
Histories (1765-2015) for CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4,
SF6 and N2O. Carbon
Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. |
adapted from the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (June 2017) |
also from the U.S.
Energy Information Administration (June 2017) |
concentration |
physiological symptoms |
1% (10,000 ppm) |
some people start to experience
drowsiness. |
2% |
mildly narcotic, increases blood
pressure and pulse rate, and decreases hearing |
5% |
shortness of breath, dizziness,
confusion, anxiety, headache |
8% |
dimmed sight, sweating, muscular
tremors, loss of consciousness after 5 to 10 minutes
exposure |
The site as it appears
now (source
of this photograph) |
The site as it might have
appeared in ancient times. This photograph,
credited to Francesco D'Andria, the Italian archaeologist
that announced the discovery in March, 2013, is found in a news
report from the National Geographic Society. |