NATS 101, Sections 31 and 32

Homework #6 – Seasonal Changes around the Globe

Due in class on Monday, April 28, 2008

 

Your assignment is to choose three cities located at vastly different latitudes, gather some astronomical and climatic information about each of them, place this information in a table, and write a paragraph summarizing the differences between them.

 

Selection of cities.  The first city must be located well within the tropics, latitude must be less than 15°; the second city must be located in the lower middle latitudes, latitude must be in range from 30° to 45° (includes most of the continental United States); and the third city must be a high latitude location, latitude must be higher than 60°.  You are free to choose any cities in the world as long as one is located within each of the three latitude zones specified above and you can dig up the required information.  Please select your own cities.  If multiple students select the same three cities, those students will not be given credit for this assignment!

 

Information to collect.  The data you gather should be placed into a table.  The table will be composed of 15 columns of data.  Here is a list of the required columns:

  1. Name of city
  2. Country that the city is located in
  3. Latitude of the city.  Be sure to indicate either north or south latitude.
  4. Local time of sunrise on the 2008 summer solstice (June 20, 2008).  If your city has 24 hours of sunlight or darkness, enter N/A in the corresponding column.
  5. Local time of sunset on the 2008 summer solstice (June 20, 2008).  If your city has 24 hours of sunlight or darkness, enter N/A in the corresponding column.
  6. Length of day (sunlit hours) on 2008 summer solstice.  You can figure this using the information that you entered in columns 4 and 5.
  7. Solar angle at noon on the summer solstice.  Calculate this value based on the latitude of your city and using a solar declination of 23.5° North latitude.
  8. Local time of sunrise on the 2008 winter solstice (December 21, 2008).  If your city has 24 hours of sunlight or darkness, enter N/A in the corresponding column.
  9. Local time of sunset on the 2008 winter solstice (December 21, 2008).  If your city has 24 hours of sunlight or darkness, enter N/A in the corresponding column.
  10. Length of day (sunlit hours) on 2008 winter solstice.  You can figure this using the information that you entered in columns 8 and 9.
  11. Solar angle at noon on the winter solstice.  Calculate this value based on the latitude of your city and using a solar declination of 23.5° South latitude.
  12. Warmest month of year, based on monthly average high temperature.
  13. Monthly average high temperature for this month.  All values in this column should be in the same units (either Fahrenheit or Celsius).
  14. Coldest month of year, based on monthly average high temperature.
  15. Monthly average high temperature for this month.  All values in this column should be in the same units (either Fahrenheit or Celsius).

 

Presentation of results.  All of the information above must be presented in a table.  Therefore, you will need a table with 4 rows (one heading row to label the columns, and one row for each of the three cities), and the 15 columns specified above.  You will have to decide how to lay out this information on a page to make a nice, easy-to-read presentation.  One possibility is to try to lay out your results in a landscape orientation rather than a portrait orientation.  If you are unable to fit your entire table neatly across the page, you may decide to somehow split up groups of columns on multiple lines, but the rows should not be split up, so that a reader can easily compare the three different cities.  If you decide to do this, you should re-label the city name in the far right column, so that a reader can easily match the correct information with the correct city.  The reader must also be clear about what information is contained in each column.  For column headings, you can label them fully within the table or use footnotes.  An example of how to use a footnote would be to label a column using a number in parentheses {for example, (7)}, then below the table explain each footnote, for example

            (7) Solar angle at noon on the summer solstice in degrees.

 

Summary paragraph.  After presenting your table, you need to write a summary paragraph that compares the seasonal changes (yearly ranges) in length of day, solar angle at noon, and monthly average high temperature among the three cities you selected.  You should also work in some kind of general statement about how the severity of seasonal changes is related to latitude (location on Earth).

 

Grading.  50% of the grade will be based on the correctness of your data and calculations; 30% will be based on neatness and presentation of the results; and 20% will be based on what is contained in the summary paragraph (both content and grammar). 

 

Where to find information / preciseness of information.  I will leave where to find information to you.  It should not be difficult.  Much is available on line (use search engines).  Try not to become fixated with a particular city.  If it is difficult to find information for a city, try another one.  Local times and length of day numbers should be within the nearest minute, i.e., you do not have to include seconds in your results (unless you want to).  The latitude for each city can be rounded to the nearest integer number in degrees, i.e., you do not have to include minutes and seconds of latitude in your results (unless you want to).