Articles

Everything below is left over from Spring 2013 class.  Don't worry, you aren't going to have to read all of this.  Mostly this is for the instructor's benefit, it's a way of keeping reference sources used in past classes close at hand.

Note
Most of the links below will take you online e-journal copies (often with a link to a PDF file) of to a PDF file of the article that I have accessed via the UA Library.  They might not be available to you from an off-campus computer.


Articles above the dashed line ( ------- ) are from this semester's class.
Articles below the dashed line have been copied over from the Spring 2011 class.  The dates listed won't match up with lecture dates this semester.

Jan. 10
E.A. Bering III, A.A. Few, J.R. Benbrook, "The Global Electric Circuit", Physics Today, 51, 24-30, 1998.

E.R. Williams, "The global electrical circuit: A review," Atmospheric Research, 91, 140-152, 2009.

Simple explanation of plasma globes

Jan. 15
E.P. Krider, "Benjamin Franklin and Lightning Rods," Physics Today, 42-48, Jan., 2006.

I. Gonta and E.. Williams, "A Calibrated Franklin Chimes", J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10671-10677, 1994.

Jan. 24
J.M. Livingston and E.P. Krider, "Electric Fields Produced by Florida Thunderstorms," , J. Geophys. Res., 83, 385-401, 1978.

H.J. Christian, V. Mazur,  B.D. Fisher, L.H. Ruhnke, K. Crouch, and R.P. Perala, "The Atlas/Centaur Lightning Strike Incident," J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13169-13177, 1989.

Jan. 29
W.P. Winn, C.B. Moore, C.R. Holmes, and L.G. Byerley III, "Thunderstorm on July 16, 1975, Over Langmuir Laboratory: A Case Study", J. Geophys. Res., 83, 3079-3092, 1978.

M. Stoltzenburg, W.D. Rust, and T.C. Marshall, "Electrical structure in thunderstorm convective regions 2.  Isolated storms," J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14079-14096, 1998.

Feb. 5
R.J. Blakeslee & E. P. Krider, "Ground Level Measurements of Air Conductivities Under Florida Thunderstorms,"  J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12947-12951, 1992.

Feb. 7
"Results of an International Workshop on Atmospheric Electrical Measurements," J.M. Rosen, D.J. Hofmann, W. Gringel, J. Berlinski, S. Michnowski, Y. Morita, T. Ogawa, and D. Olson, J. Geophys. Res., 87 1219-1227, 1982

Radon and Cancer, World Health Organization, Fact Sheet #291, updated Sept. 2009.
Radon (Wikipedia)
A Citizen's Guide to Radon (EPA)

Feb. 12
Development of Cosmic-ray Air Showers by Konrad Bernlohr
Cosmic Rays by Richard Mewaldt
Cosmic Rays by James Schombert


Feb. 19
Stolzenburg, M., W.D. Rust, and T.C. Marshall, "Electrical Structure in Thunderstorm Convective Regions 3. Synthesis," J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14097-14108, 1998

S.E. Reynolds, M. Brook, and Mary Foulks Gourley, "Thunderstorm Charge Separation," J. of Meteorology, 14, 426-436, 1957.

www.SnowCrystals.com

"The Effect of Liquid Water on Thunderstorm Charging", C.P.R. Saunders, W.D. Keith, R.P. Mitzeva, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 11007-11017, 1991.

"Laboratory Studies of the Influence of the Rime Accretion Rate on Charge Transfer during Crystal/Graupel Collisions," C.P.R. Saunders, S.L. Peck, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13949-13956, 1998.

"Possibly inverted-polarity electrical structure in thunderstorms during STEPS," W.D. Rust and D.R. MacGorman, Geophys. Res. Letters, 29, 2002.

"TELEX The Thunderstorm Electrification and Lightning Experiment," D.R. MacGorman & 16 additional authors, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 997-1013, July, 2008.

Feb. 21

"Electrostatic Field Changes Produced by Florida Lightning," J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 103-117, 1976.

"Electric Fields Produced by Florida Thunderstorms," J.M. Livingston & E.P. Krider, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 385-401, 1978.

"An analysis of the charge structure of lightning discharges to ground," P.R. Krehbiel, M. Brook, and R.A. McCrory, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2432-2456, 1979.

Feb. 26
"Maxwell Currents Under Thunderstorms," E.P. Krider & J.A. Musser, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 11171-11176, 1982.

"The Electric Currents Produced by Thunderstorms," E.P. Krider & R.J. Blakeslee, J. Electrostatics, 16, 369-378, 1985.

"Electric Fields and Current Densities Under Small Florida Thunderstorms," L.E. Deaver & E.P. Krider, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 22273-22281, 1991.

"Ground Level Measurements of Air Conductivities Under Florida Thunderstorms," R.J. Blakeslee & E. P. Krider, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12947-12951, 1992.


Mar. 7
R.E. Orville and V.P. Idone, "Lightning Leader Characteristics in the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP), J. Geophys. Res., 87, 11177-11192, 1982.

Idone, V.P. and R.E. Orville, "Lightning Return Stroke Velocities in the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP)", J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4903-4915, 1982.


K. Berger, "Novel Observations of Lightning Discharges: Results of Research on Mount San Salvatore", Journal of the Franklin Institute, 283, 478-525, 1967.

George H. Lunn, "Progressive Lightning A Tribute to C.V. Boys, B.F.J. Schonland, and D.J. Malan", Proc. SPIE 0674, 17th Intl Congress on High Speed Photography and Photonics, 307 (September 1, 1987); doi: 10.1117/12.975563

C.V. Boys, "Progressive Lightning," Nature, vol. 118, no. 2977, 749-750, 1926.
C.V. Boys, "Progressive Lightning," Nature, vol. 118, no. 3070, 310-311, 1928.

"Progressive Lightning," B.F.J. Schonland and H. Collens, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, Vol. 143, No. 850, 654-674, 1934.

"Progressive Lightning II", B.F.J. Schonland, D.J. Malan and H. Collens, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, Vol. 152, No. 877, 595-625, 1935.

"Progressive Lightning III - The Fine Structure of Return Lightning Strokes," D.J. Malan and H. Collens, Proc. Roy. Soc. A, Vol. 162, No. 909, 175- 203, 1937

"Progressive Lightning IV - The Discharge Mechanism," B.F.J. Schonland, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, Vol. 164, No. 916 , 132-150, 1938.

"Progressive Lightning V - A Comparison of Photographic and Electrical Studies of the Discharge Process,  B.F.J. Schonland, D.B. Hodges and H. Collens, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, Vol. 166,  No. 924, 56-75, 1938.

"Progressive Lightning VI", B.F.J. Schonland, D.J. Malan and H. Collens, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, Vol. 168, No. 935, 455-469, 1938.

"Progressive Lightning VII", D.J. Malan, B.F.J. Schonland, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A, Vol. 191, No. 1027, 485-505, 1947.

Mar. 19

"Statistics and characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning with multiple ground contacts," W.C. Valine and E.P. Krider, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 4441, doi:10.1029/2001JD001360, 2002).

V.A. Rakov, "Lightning Makes Glass," 29th Annual Conference of the Glass Art Society, Tampa, Florida, 1999.

Mar. 21
McEachron, K.B., "Lightning to the Empire State Building," J. Franklin Inst., 227, 149-217, 1939.

Berger, K., "Novel Observations on Lightning Discharges: Results of Research on Mount San Salvatore," J. Franklin Inst., 283, 478-525, 1968.

Berger, K., R.B. Anderson, and H. Kroninger, "Parameters of Lightning Flashes," Electra, No. 41, 23-37, 1975.

Anderson, R.B., and A.J. Eriksson, "Lightning Parameters for Engineering Application," Electra, No. 69, 65-105, 1980.

Garbagnati, E., F. Marinoni, G.B. LoPiparo, "Parameters of Lightning Currents.  Interpretation of the Results Obtained in Italy," 16th Intl. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Szeged, Hungary, 1981.


Hussein, A.M., W. Janischewskyj, J.-S. Chang, V. Shostak, W.A. Chisolm, P. Dzurevych, and Z.-I. Kawasaki,"Simultaneous Measurement of Lightning Parameters for Strokes to the Toronto Canadian National Tower,"  J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8853-8861, 1995.

Leteinturier, C., J. Hamelin, and A. Eybert-Berard, "Submicrosecond Characteristics of Lightning Return-Stroke Currents,"  IEEE Trans. EMC., 33, 351-357, 1991.

Fisher, R.J., G.H. Schnetzer, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and J.D. Goldberg, "Parameters of Triggered-Lightning Flashes in Florida and Alabama,"  J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22887-22902, 1993.

March 26
M.N. Plooster, "Sumerical Simulation of Spark Discharges in Air," Physics of Fluids, 14, 2111-2133, 1971.

M.N. Plooster, "Numerical Model of the Return Stroke of the Lightning Discharge, Physics of  Fluids, 14, 2124-2133. 1971.

G.H. Price and E.T. Pierce, "The Modeling of Channel Current in the Lightning Return Stroke," Radio Science, 12, 381-388, 1977.

P.F. Little, "Transmission Line Representation of a Lightning Return Stroke," J. Phys. D: Appl Phys., 11, 1893-1910, 1978.


April 30
R. Anderson, S. Bjornsson, D.C. Blanchard, S. Gathman, J. Hughes, S. Jonasson, C.B. Moore, H.J. Survilas, B. Vonnegut, "Electricity in Volcanic Clouds", Science, 148, 1179-1189, 1965.

M. Brook, C.B. Moore and T. Sigurgeirsson, "Lightning in Volcanic Clouds," J. Geophys. Res., 79, 472-475, 1974.  see also the correction published in J.Geophys. Res., 79, 3102, 1974.

R.J. Thomas, P.R. Krehbiel, W. Rison, H.E. Edens, G.D. Aulich, W.P. Winn, S.R. McNutt, G. Tytgat, E. Clark, "Electrical Activity During the 2006 Mount St. Augustine Volcanic Eruptions," Science, 315, 1097, 2007.

S.A. Behnke, R.J. Thomas, P.R. Krehbiel, S.R. McNutt, "Spectacular Lightning Revealed in 2009 Mount Redoubt Eruption", EOS Trans., 93, 2012.

Richard Kerr, "Lightning Found on Venus at Last?", Science, 253, p. 1492, 1991

A.P. Ingersoll, "Venus Express Dispatches," Nature, 450, 617-618, 2007.

C.T. Russell, "The Strength of Venus Lightning," presented at the European Planetary Science Congress, Rome, 2010.

C.T. Russell, R.J. Strangeway, J.T.M. Daniels, T.L. Zhang, H.Y. Wei, "Venus lightning: Comparison with terrestrial lightning", Planetary and Space Science, 59, 965-973, 2011.

L.J. Lanzerotti, K. Rinnert, G. Dehmel, F.O. Gliem, E.P. Krider, M.A. Uman, G. Umlauft, J. Bach, "The Lightning and Radio Emission Detector (LRD) Instrument," Space Science Reviews, 60, 91-109, 1992.

L.J. Lanzerotti, K. Rinnert, G. Dehmel, F.O. Gliem, E.P. Krider, M.A. Uman, J. Bach, "Radio Frequency Signals in Jupiter's Atmosphere," Science, 272, 858-860, 1996.

K. Rinnert, L.J. Lanzerotti, M.A. Uman, G. Dehmel, F.O. Gliem, E.P. Krider, J. Bach, "Measurements of radio frequency signals from lightning in Jupiter's atmosphere," J. Geophy., Res., 103, 22979-22992, 1998.

B.N. Turman, "Detection of Lightning Superbolts," J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2566-2568, 1977.   see also R.D. Hill "Comment on 'Detection of Lightning Superbolts' by B.N. Turman, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1381-1382, 1978 and M.A. Uman, "Criticism of 'Comment on "Detection of Lightning Superbolts" by B.N. Turman' by R.D. Hill," J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5523, 1978.

U.A. Dyudina, A.P. Ingersoll, S.P. Ewald, C.C. Porco, G. Fischer, W.S. Kurth, R.A. West, "Detection of visible lightning on Saturn," Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, 2010.

C.B. Moore, K.B. Eack, G.D. Aulich, W. Rison, "Energetic radiation associated with lightning stepped-leaders," Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2141-2144, 2001.

J.R. Dwyer, M.A. Uman, H.K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, J. Jerauld, V.A. Rakov, D.M. Jordan, K.J. Rambo, V. Corbin, B. Wright, "Energetic Radiation Produced During Rocket-Triggered Lightning," Science, 299, 694-697, 2003.

M. Rubenstein, F. Rachidi, M.A. Uman, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, C.A. Nucci, "Characterization of vertical electric fields 500 m and 30 m from triggered lightning," J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8863-8872, 1995.

J. Howard, M.A. Uman, J.R. Dwyer, D. Hill, C. Biagi, Z. Saleh, J. Jerauld, H.K. Rassoul, "Co-location of lightning leader x-ray and electric field change sources," Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, 2008.

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Jan. 25
"Lightning charge analysis in small Convection and Precipitation Electrification (CaPE) experiment storms," Martin J. Murphy, E. Philip Krider, and Michael M. Maier, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29615-29626, 1996.



Feb. 8
"Results of an International Workshop on Atmospheric Electrical Measurements," J.M. Rosen, D.J. Hofmann, W. Gringel, J. Berlinski, S. Michnowski, Y. Morita, T. Ogawa, and D. Olson, J. Geophys. Res., 87 1219-1227, 1982

Radon and Cancer, World Health Organization, Fact Sheet #291, updated Sept. 2009.

Radon information from Wikipedia and the EPA

Feb. 10
Cosmic ray showers

Feb. 17

Stolzenburg, M., W.D. Rust, and T. C. Marshall, "Electrical Structure in Thunderstorm Convective Regions 3. Synthesis," J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14097-14108, 1998.


Mar. 3
"Statistics and characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning with multiple ground contacts," W.C. Valine and E.P. Krider, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 4441, doi:10.1029/2001JD001360, 2002. 

Mar. 22
"Effects on Electrical Parameters at Athens Greece by Radioactive Fallout from a Nuclear Power Plant Accident", J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13093-13097, 1989.

"Lightning to the Empire State Building," K.B. McEachron, J. Franklin Inst., 227, 149-217, 1939.

"Novel Observations on Lightning Discharges: Results of Research on Mount San Salvatore," J. Franklin Inst., 283, 478-525, 1968.

"Simultaneous Measurement of Lightning Parameters for Strokes to the Toronto Canadian National Tower," A.M. Hussein, W. Janischewskyj, J.-S. Chang, V. Shostak, W.A. Chisolm, P. Dzurevych, and Z.-I. Kawasaki, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8853-8861, 1995.

"Submicrosecond Characteristics of Lightning Return-Stroke Currents," C. Leteinturier, J. Hamelin, and A. Eybert-Berard, IEEE Trans. EMC., 33, 351-357, 1991.

"Parameters of Triggered-Lightning Flashes in Florida and Alabama," R.J. Fisher, G.H. Schnetzer, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and J.D. Goldberg, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22887-22902, 1993.

Mar. 24
"The Electromagnetic Radiation from a Finite Antenna," M.A. Uman, D.K. McLain, and E.P. Krider, Am. J. Phys., 43 33-38, 1975.

"Characterization of Lightning Return Stroke Electric and Magnetic Fields from Simultaneous Two-Station Measurements," Y.T. Lin, M.A. Uman, J.A. Tiller, R.D. Brantley, E.P. Krider, C.D. Weidman, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 6307-6314, 1979.

"Lightning Return Stroke Models," Y.T. Lin, M.A. Uman, and R.B. Standler, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1571-1583, 1980.

Mar. 29
"Submicrosecond fields radiated during the onset of first return strokes in cloud-to-ground lightning," E.P. Krider, C. Leteinturier, and J.C. Willett, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1589-1597, 1996.


"An Experimental Test of the 'Transmission-Line Model' of Electromagnetic Radiation from Triggered Lightning Return Strokes," J.C. Willett, V.P. Idone, R.E. Orville, C. Leteinturier, A. Eybert-Berard, L. Barret, and E.P. Krider, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3867-3878, 1988.

"Submicrosecond Intercomparison of Radiation Fields and Currents in Triggered Lightning Return Strokes Based on the Transmission-Line Model," J.C. Willett, J.C. Bailey, V.P. Idone, A. Eybert-Berard, and L. Barret, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13275-13286, 1989.

"Current and Electric Field Derivatives in Triggered Lightning Return Strokes," C. Leteinturier, C. Weidman, and J. Hamelin, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 811-828, 1990.

Mar. 31
"The Temporal Structure of HF and VHF Radiations During Florida Lightning Return Strokes," D.M. Le Vine and E.P. Krider, Geophys. Res. Lett., 4,  13-16, 1977.

Apr. 5
"Measurements of Lightning Rod Responses to Nearby Strikes," C.B. Moore, G.D. Aulich, and W. Rison, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1487-1490, 2000.


"Lightning Rod Improvement Studies," C.B. Moore, W. Rison, J. Mathis, G. Aulich, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 593-609, 2000.

Apr. 7
"Updated Recommendations for Lightning Safety", R.L. Holle, R.E. Lopez, and C. Zimmerman, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 2035-2041, 1999.


"Lightning Protection of Structures and Personal Safety", V.A. Rakov, 2000 International Lightning Protection Conference, Tucson, Arizona, 2000.

"Lightning Safety and Large Stadiums," J. Gratz and E. Noble, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 1187-1194, 2006.

Apr. 12
"A Gated Wideband Magnetic Direction Finder for Lightning Return Strokes," E.P. Krider, R.C. Noggle, and M.A. Uman, J. Appl. Meteorol., 15, 301-306, 1976.

"Lightning Direction-Finding Systems for Forest Fire Detection," E.P. Krider, R.C. Noggle, A.E. Pifer, and D.L. Vance, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 61, 980-986, 1980.

"A Combined TOA/MDF Technology Upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network, K.L. Cummins, M.J. Murphy, E.A. Bardo, W.L. Hiscox, R.B. Pyle, and A.E. Pifer, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9035-9044, 1998.


"An Overview of Lightning Locating Systems: History, Techniques, and Data Uses, With an In-Depth Look at the U.S. NLDN," K.L. Cummins and M.J. Murphy, IEEE Trans. EMC, 51, 499-518, 2009.

Apr. 19
"Lightning Spectroscopy", E.P. Krider, Nuclear Instruments and Methods, 110, 411-419, 1973

"Simultaneous Observations of Lightning Radiations from Above and Below Clouds," M. Brook, R. Tennis, C. Rhodes, P. Krehbiel, B. Vonnegut, O.H. Vaughan, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 267-270, 1980.

"The Detection of Lightning From Geostationary Orbit," H.J. Christian, R.J. Blakeslee, S.J. Goodman, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 13329-13337, 1989.

"Global Frequency and Distribution of Lightning as Observed from Space by the Optical Transient Detector," H.J. Christian, R.J. Blakeslee, D.J. Boccippio, W.L. Boeck, D.E. Buechler, K.T. Driscoll, S.J. Goodman, J.M. Hall, W.J. Koshak, D.M. Mach, and M.F. Stewart, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4.1 - 4.15, 2003.


"The Effects of Clouds on the Light Produced by Lightning", L.W. Thomason & E.P. Krider,  J. of the Atmos. Sci., 39, 2051-2065, 1982.

"Optical Observations of Lightning from a High-Altitude Airplane," H.J. Christian, S.J. Goodman, J. Atmos. & Oceanic Tech., 4, 701-711, 1987.

"A Comparison of the Optical Pulse Characteristics of Intracloud and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning as Observed above Clouds." S.J. Goodman, H.J. Christian, W.D. Rust, J. Appl. Meteorol., 27, 1369-1381, 1988.

Apr. 21
"The Optical and Radiation Field Signatures Produced by Lightning Return Strokes," C. Guo & E.P. Krider, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 8913-8922, 1982.

Apr. 26
"Lightning between Earth and Space", S.B. Mende, D.D. Sentman, E.M. Wescott, Sci. Amer., 56-59, 1997

"Red Sprites, Upward Lightning, and VLF Perturbations", C.J. Rodger, Reviews of Geophysics, 37, 317-336, 1999.